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Advanced Robotics, Volume 34
Volume 34, Number 1, 2020
Preface
- Taisuke Masuda, Qing Shi:
Special issue on cyborg and bionic systems II. 1
- Qingyang Yan, Jian Huang, Chunjing Tao, Xinxing Chen, Wen-Xia Xu:
Intelligent mobile walking-aids: perception, control and safety. 2-18
- Wei Wei, Wei Wang, Zhicheng Qu, Jihua Gu, Xichuan Lin, Chunfeng Yue:
The effects of a passive exoskeleton on muscle activity and metabolic cost of energy. 19-27 - Xiaojun Zhang, Yan Wang, Wei Zhao, Wei Wei, Zhi Tao, Heming Zhao:
Vocal cord abnormal voice flow field study by modeling a bionic vocal system. 28-36
- Yuki Ueyama, Tsutomu Kubo, Masaaki Shibata:
Robotic hip-disarticulation prosthesis: evaluation of prosthetic gaits in a non-amputee individual. 37-44
- Bo Zhang, Kui Chen, Zheming Zhang, Lei Zhang, Liqun Zhang, Wennan Luan, Qiang Huang, Masakatsu G. Fujie:
Flexible needle posture control stratagem for ultrasound-based puncture manipulator system. 45-56 - Pihsaia S. Sun, Dongfang Xu, Jingeng Mai, Zhihao Zhou, Sunil K. Agrawal, Qining Wang:
Inertial sensors-based torso motion mode recognition for an active postural support brace. 57-67
Volume 34, Number 2, 2020
Preface
- Takeshi Aoki, Tetsushi Kamegawa, Motoyasu Tanaka:
Special issue on disaster response robot - selected papers from WRS2018. 69
- Motoyasu Tanaka, Kazuyuki Kon, Mizuki Nakajima, Nobutaka Matsumoto, Shinnosuke Fukumura, Kosuke Fukui, Hidemasa Sawabe, Masahiro Fujita, Kenjiro Tadakuma:
Development and field test of the articulated mobile robot T2 Snake-4 for plant disaster prevention. 70-88 - Nobutaka Matsumoto, Motoyasu Tanaka, Mizuki Nakajima, Masahiro Fujita, Kenjiro Tadakuma:
Development of a folding arm on an articulated mobile robot for plant disaster prevention. 89-103 - Hiroyasu Miura, Ayaka Watanabe, Masayuki Okugawa, Takahiko Miura, Tomohiko Koganeya:
Plant inspection by using a ground vehicle and an aerial robot: lessons learned from plant disaster prevention challenge in world robot summit 2018. 104-118 - Tatsuya Takemori, Masato Miyake, Tomoaki Hirai, Xixun Wang, Yuto Fukao, Mau Adachi, Kaiyo Yamaguchi, Suomi Tanishige, Yusuke Nomura, Fumitoshi Matsuno, Toshiaki Fujimoto, Akito Nomura, Hikaru Tetsui, Masahiro Watanabe, Kenjiro Tadakuma:
Development of the multifunctional rescue robot FUHGA2 and evaluation at the world robot summit 2018. 119-131 - Tetsushi Kamegawa, Taichi Akiyama, Satoshi Sakai, Kento Fujii, Kazushi Une, Eitou Ou, Yuto Matsumura, Toru Kishutani, Eiji Nose, Yusuke Yoshizaki, Akio Gofuku:
Development of a separable search-and-rescue robot composed of a mobile robot and a snake robot. 132-139
Volume 34, Numbers 3-4, 2020
Preface
- Hiroyuki Okada, Tetsunari Inamura, Kazuyoshi Wada:
Special issue on service robot technology - selected papers from WRS 2018. 141
- Yoshiaki Mizuchi, Tetsunari Inamura:
Optimization of criterion for objective evaluation of HRI performance that approximates subjective evaluation: a case study in robot competition. 142-156 - Lotfi El Hafi, Shota Isobe, Yoshiki Tabuchi, Yuki Katsumata, Hitoshi Nakamura, Takaaki Fukui, Tadashi Matsuo, Gustavo Alfonso Garcia Ricardez, Masaki Yamamoto, Akira Taniguchi, Yoshinobu Hagiwara, Tadahiro Taniguchi:
System for augmented human-robot interaction through mixed reality and robot training by non-experts in customer service environments. 157-172 - Isamu Matsuo, Toshihiko Shimizu, Yusuke Nakai, Masahiro Kakimoto, Yuki Sawasaki, Yoshiki Mori, Takamasa Sugano, Shuhei Ikemoto, Takeshi Miyamoto:
Q-bot: heavy object carriage robot for in-house logistics based on universal vacuum gripper. 173-188 - Gustavo Alfonso Garcia Ricardez, Nishanth Koganti, Pin-Chu Yang, Seigo Okada, Pedro Miguel Uriguen Eljuri, Akiya Yasuda, Lotfi El Hafi, Masaki Yamamoto, Jun Takamatsu, Tsukasa Ogasawara:
Adaptive motion generation using imitation learning and highly compliant end effector for autonomous cleaning. 189-201 - Junya Tanaka, Daisuke Yamamoto, Hideki Ogawa, Hiroshi Ohtsu, Keisuke Kamata, Kohei Nara:
Portable compact suction pad unit for parallel grippers. 202-218 - Ryo Sakai, Shinichi Katsumata, Takahiro Miki, Taiki Yano, Wenpeng Wei, Yuya Okadome, Nobuhiro Chihara, Nobutaka Kimura, Yusuke Nakai, Isamu Matsuo, Toshihiko Shimizu:
A mobile dual-arm manipulation robot system for stocking and disposing of items in a convenience store by using universal vacuum grippers for grasping items. 219-234 - Gustavo Alfonso Garcia Ricardez, Seigo Okada, Nishanth Koganti, Akiya Yasuda, Pedro Miguell Uriguen Eljuri, Tetsuya Sano, Pin-Chu Yang, Lotfi El Hafi, Masaki Yamamoto, Jun Takamatsu, Tsukasa Ogasawara:
Restock and straightening system for retail automation using compliant and mobile manipulation. 235-249 - Hiroyasu Tsuji, Mayuka Shii, Shogo Yokoyama, Yuki Takamido, Yuji Murase, Soshi Masaki, Kenichi Ohara:
Reusable robot system for display and disposal tasks at convenience stores based on a SysML model and RT Middleware. 250-264
Volume 34, Number 5, 2020
- Dennis Mronga, Tobias Knobloch, José de Gea Fernández, Frank Kirchner:
A constraint-based approach for human-robot collision avoidance. 265-281 - Kei Kunimatsu, Yuya Hattori, Daisuke Kurabayashi:
Single-actuator AUV performing 3-DOF motion. 282-298
- Ran Dong, Yang Chen, DongSheng Cai, Shinobu Nakagawa, Tomonari Higaki, Nobuyoshi Asai:
Robot motion design using bunraku emotional expressions - focusing on Jo-Ha-Kyū in sounds and movements. 299-312
- Ananta Adhi Wardana, Takeshi Takaki, Tadayoshi Aoyama, Idaku Ishii:
Dynamic modeling and step-climbing analysis of a two-wheeled stair-climbing inverted pendulum robot. 313-327 - Eichi Watanabe, Hiroaki Hirai, Hermano Igo Krebs:
Equilibrium point-based control of muscle-driven anthropomorphic legs reveals modularity of human motor control during pedalling. 328-342
Volume 34, Number 6, 2020
- Ko Yamamoto, Shinsaku Kuwada, Yoshihiko Nakamura:
Modeling, prediction, and anomaly detection of manned-vehicle behavior in open field based on velocity vector and variance tensor fields. 343-357 - Kazuki Abe, Gaku Matsui, Kenjiro Tadakuma, Mitsuhiro Yamano, Riichiro Tadakuma:
Development of the omnidirectional transporting table based on omnidirectional driving gear. 358-374 - Yoshitaka Hara, Masahiro Tomono:
Moving object removal and surface mesh mapping for path planning on 3D terrain. 375-387 - Yao Huang, Jianbo Su:
Robust uncalibrated visual stabilization for nonholonomic mobile robots. 388-399
- Kolja Kühnlenz, Barbara Kühnlenz:
Motor interference of incongruent motions increases workload in close HRI. 400-406
Volume 34, Numbers 7-8, 2020
Preface
- Tetsuyou Watanabe, Kensuke Harada, Tokuo Tsuji:
Special issue on Industrial Robot Technology-Selected Papers from WRS 2018. 407
- Felix Von Drigalski, Christian Schlette, Martin Rudorfer, Nikolaus Correll, Joshua C. Triyonoputro, Weiwei Wan, Tokuo Tsuji, Tetsuyou Watanabe:
Robots assembling machines: learning from the World Robot Summit 2018 Assembly Challenge. 408-421 - Christian Schlette, Anders Glent Buch, Frederik Hagelskjær, Iñigo Iturrate, Dirk Kraft, Aljaz Kramberger, Anders P. Lindvig, Simon Mathiesen, Henrik Gordon Petersen, Mads Høj Rasmussen, Thiusius R. Savarimuthu, Christoffer Sloth, Lars Carøe Sørensen, Thomas Nicky Thulesen:
Towards robot cell matrices for agile production - SDU Robotics' assembly cell at the WRC 2018. 422-438 - Sho Tajima, Seiji Wakamatsu, Taiki Abe, Masanari Tennomi, Koki Morita, Hirotoshi Ubata, Atsushi Okamura, Yuji Hirai, Kota Morino, Yosuke Suzuki, Tokuo Tsuji, Kimitoshi Yamazaki, Tetsuyou Watanabe:
Robust bin-picking system using tactile sensor. 439-453 - Mizuho Shibata, Hiroki Dobashi, Wataru Uemura, Shinya Kotosaka, Yasumichi Aiyama, Takeshi Sakaguchi, Yoshihiro Kawai, Akio Noda, Kazuhito Yokoi, Yasuyoshi Yokokohji:
Task-board task for assembling a belt drive unit. 454-476 - Kaidi Nie, Felix Von Drigalski, Joshua C. Triyonoputro, Chisato Nakashima, Yoshiya Shibata, Yoshinori Konishi, Yoshihisa Ijiri, Taku Yoshioka, Yukiyasu Domae, Toshio Ueshiba, Ryuichi Takase, Xinyi Zhang, Damien Petit, Ixchel Georgina Ramirez-Alpizar, Weiwei Wan, Kensuke Harada:
Team O2AS' approach for the task-board task of the World Robot Challenge 2018. 477-498 - Christoffer Sloth, Aljaz Kramberger, Iñigo Iturrate:
Towards easy setup of robotic assembly tasks. 499-513 - Felix Von Drigalski, Chisato Nakashima, Yoshiya Shibata, Yoshinori Konishi, Joshua C. Triyonoputro, Kaidi Nie, Damien Petit, Toshio Ueshiba, Ryuichi Takase, Yukiyasu Domae, Taku Yoshioka, Yoshihisa Ijiri, Ixchel Georgina Ramirez-Alpizar, Weiwei Wan, Kensuke Harada:
Team O2AS at the world robot summit 2018: an approach to robotic kitting and assembly tasks using general purpose grippers and tools. 514-530 - Masanari Tennomi, Atsushi Okamura, Yuta Nakamura, Taiki Abe, Seiji Wakamatsu, Sho Tajima, Toshihiro Nishimura, Yuji Hirai, Takuro Sawada, Naoki Ichikawa, Tokuo Tsuji, Kimitoshi Yamazaki, Yosuke Suzuki, Tetsuyou Watanabe:
Development of assembly system with quick and low-cost installation. 531-545 - James Watson, Austin Miller, Nikolaus Correll:
Autonomous industrial assembly using force, torque, and RGB-D sensing. 546-559 - Masahiro Fujita, Yukiyasu Domae, Akio Noda, Gustavo Alfonso Garcia Ricardez, Tatsuya Nagatani, Andy Zeng, Shuran Song, Alberto Rodriguez, Albert J. Causo, I-Ming Chen, Tsukasa Ogasawara:
What are the important technologies for bin picking? Technology analysis of robots in competitions based on a set of performance metrics. 560-574
Volume 34, Number 9, 2020
- Mitsuhiro Kamezaki, Takahiro Katano, Kui Chen, Tatsuzo Ishida, Shigeki Sugano:
Preliminary study of a separative shared control scheme focusing on control-authority and attention allocation for multi-limb disaster response robots. 575-591 - Fumihiro Sasaki, Tetsuya Yohira, Atsuo Kawaguchi:
Adversarial behavioral cloning. 592-598 - Haibin Yin, Lei Tian, Guilin Yang:
Design of fibre array muscle for soft finger with variable stiffness based on nylon and shape memory alloy. 599-609 - Kunitoshi Tanaka, Sumito Nagasawa:
Posture stability control of a small inverted pendulum robot in trajectory tracking using a control moment gyro. 610-620 - Veerachart Srisamosorn, Noriaki Kuwahara, Atsushi Yamashita, Taiki Ogata, Shouhei Shirafuji, Jun Ota:
Indoor human face following with environmental fisheye cameras and blimp. 621-636
Volume 34, Number 10, 2020
- Retnam Visvanathan, Kamarulzaman Kamarudin, Syed Muhammad Mamduh, Masahiro Toyoura, Ahmad Shakaff Ali Yeon, Ammar Zakaria, Latifah Munirah Kamarudin, Xiaoyang Mao, Shazmin Aniza Abdul Shukor:
Improved mobile robot based gas distribution mapping through propagated distance transform for structured indoor environment. 637-647 - R. Fukai, Keisuke Yagi, Yoshikazu Mori:
Dynamic model for using casterboard by a humanoid robot. 648-660 - Tomoo Yoneda, Daiki Morihiro, Ryuta Ozawa:
Development of a multifingered robotic hand with the thenar grasp function. 661-673 - Ananta Adhi Wardana, Takeshi Takaki, Mingjun Jiang, Idaku Ishii:
Development of a single-wheeled inverted pendulum robot capable of climbing stairs. 674-688
- Haotian She, Jinying Zhu, Ye Tian, Yanchao Wang, Qiang Huang:
Design of a powered ankle-foot prosthesis with an adjustable stiffness toe joint. 689-697
Volume 34, Number 11, 2020
Preface
- Kazunori Ohno, Tetsushi Kamegawa, Kimitoshi Yamazaki, Satoshi Suzuki, Kenji Hashimoto:
Special Issue on Disaster Robotics - ImPACT Tough Robotics Challenge. 699
- Hisato Ando, Yuichi Ambe, Tomoka Yamaguchi, Yu Yamauchi, Masashi Konyo, Kenjiro Tadakuma, Shigenao Maruyama, Satoshi Tadokoro:
Fire extinguishment using a 4 m long flying-hose-type robot with multiple water-jet nozzles. 700-714 - Chayapol Beokhaimook, Kazunori Ohno, Thomas Westfechtel, Hiroyuki Nishinoma, Ryoichiro Tamura, Satoshi Tadokoro:
Cyber-enhanced canine suit with wide-view angle for three-dimensional LiDAR SLAM for indoor environments. 715-729 - Hikaru Nagano, Hideto Takenouchi, Nan Cao, Masashi Konyo, Satoshi Tadokoro:
Tactile feedback system of high-frequency vibration signals for supporting delicate teleoperation of construction robots. 730-743 - Mizuho Wakabayashi, Hiroshi G. Okuno, Makoto Kumon:
Drone audition listening from the sky estimates multiple sound source positions by integrating sound source localization and data association. 744-755 - Toshinori Kagawa, Fumie Ono, Lin Shan, Ryu Miura, Kazuhiro Nakadai, Kotaro Hoshiba, Makoto Kumon, Hiroshi G. Okuno, Shin Kato, Fumihide Kojima:
Multi-hop wireless command and telemetry communication system for remote operation of robots with extending operation area beyond line-of-sight using 920 MHz/169 MHz. 756-766 - Motoyasu Tanaka, Mizuki Nakajima, Ryo Ariizumi, Kazuo Tanaka:
Three-dimensional steering for an articulated mobile robot with prismatic joints with consideration of hardware limitations. 767-779
Volume 34, Number 12, 2020
- Junya Nakanishi, Hidenobu Sumioka, Hiroshi Ishiguro:
Mediated hugs modulate impressions of Hearsay information. 781-788 - Yang Hao, Marco Visentini Scarzanella, Jing Li, Peisen Zhang, Gastone Ciuti, Paolo Dario, Qiang Huang:
Light source position calibration method for photometric stereo in capsule endoscopy. 789-801 - Kai Sasaki, Yosuke Eguchi, Kenji Suzuki:
Stair-climbing wheelchair with lever propulsion control of rotary legs. 802-813 - Zhe Qiu, Ryuta Ozawa, Shugen Ma:
Adaptive virtual power-based collision detection and isolation with link parameter estimation. 814-825
Volume 34, Number 13, 2020
Preface
- Wataru Takano, Matthew Howard, Emel Demircan:
Special Issue on Robot Learning. 827
- Taizo Yoshikawa, Viktor Losing, Emel Demircan:
Machine learning for human movement understanding. 828-844 - Kun Qian, Huan Liu, Jaime Valls Miró, Xingshuo Jing, Bo Zhou:
Hierarchical and parameterized learning of pick-and-place manipulation from under-specified human demonstrations. 858-872 - Peiyuan Ni, Wenguang Zhang, Haoruo Zhang, Qixin Cao:
Learning efficient push and grasp policy in a totebox from simulation. 873-887 - Shiying Sun, Xiaoguang Zhao, Qianzhong Li, Min Tan:
Inverse reinforcement learning-based time-dependent A* planner for human-aware robot navigation with local vision. 888-901 - Piyabhum Chaysri, Konstantinos Blekas, Kostas Vlachos:
Multiple mini-robots navigation using a collaborative multiagent reinforcement learning framework. 902-916 - Adrian Zambrano, Kazuki Abe, Ikumi Suzuki, Theo Combelles, Kenjiro Tadakuma, Riichiro Tadakuma:
Study on visual machine-learning on the omnidirectional transporting robot. 917-930
Volume 34, Number 14, 2020
- Yuki Okafuji, Jun Baba, Junya Nakanishi, Itaru Kuramoto, Kohei Ogawa, Yuichiro Yoshikawa, Hiroshi Ishiguro:
Can a humanoid robot continue to draw attention in an office environment? 931-946 - Yutaro Ishida, Takashi Morie, Hakaru Tamukoh:
A hardware intelligent processing accelerator for domestic service robots. 947-957 - Ryoya Suzuki, Mitsuo Komagata, Tianyi Ko, Kazuya Murotani, Hiroshi Kaminaga, Mamoru Tatano, Ko Yamamoto, Yoshihiko Nakamura:
Development of 3-DOF wrist mechanism for electro-hydrostatically driven robot arm. 958-973
Volume 34, Number 15, 2020
Preface
- Zhijun Li, Huaping Liu, Weiwei Wan, Chun-Yi Su:
Special Issue on Neuro-Robotics: From Brain Machine Interfaces to Rehabilitation Robotics. 975
- Jing Luo, Chao Liu, Ying Feng, Chenguang Yang:
A method of motion recognition based on electromyographic signals. 976-984 - Hang Su, Salih Ertug Ovur, Xuanyi Zhou, Wen Qi, Giancarlo Ferrigno, Elena De Momi:
Depth vision guided hand gesture recognition using electromyographic signals. 985-997 - James Okae, Juan Du, Tao Huang:
A novel depth estimation approach based on bidirectional matching for stereo vision systems. 998-1011 - Feifei Qin, Han Zhao, Shengchao Zhen, Yan Zhang:
Adaptive robust control for lower limb rehabilitation robot with uncertainty based on Udwadia-Kalaba approach. 1012-1022
- Akash Gupta, Anshuman Singh, Varnita Verma, Amit Kumar Mondal, Mukul Kumar Gupta:
Developments and clinical evaluations of robotic exoskeleton technology for human upper-limb rehabilitation. 1023-1040
Volume 34, Number 16, 2020
- Yilin Sun, Qiuju Zhang, Xiaoyan Chen:
Design and analysis of a flexible robotic hand with soft fingers and a changeable palm. 1041-1054 - Akira Kinose, Tadahiro Taniguchi:
Integration of imitation learning using GAIL and reinforcement learning using task-achievement rewards via probabilistic graphical model. 1055-1067 - Masanori Sekiguchi, Naoyuki Takesue:
Fast and robust numerical method for inverse kinematics with prioritized multiple targets for redundant robots. 1068-1078 - Yan Wang, Kensuke Harada, Weiwei Wan:
Motion planning of skillful motions in assembly process through human demonstration. 1079-1093
Volume 34, Number 17, 2020
Preface
- Auke Jan Ijspeert, Akio Ishiguro, Emily M. Standen, Koh Hosoda:
Special Issue on Adaptive Motion of Animals and Machines. 1095
- Kazuyuki Ito, Yoshihiro Homma, Jonathan Rossiter:
The soft multi-legged robot inspired by octopus: climbing various columnar objects. 1096-1109 - Yasuhiro Sugimoto, Shuntaro Sugiyama, Keisuke Naniwa, Koichi Osuka:
Analysis of the unique gait mechanism of locusts focusing on the difference in leg length. 1110-1121 - Devwrat Omkar Joshi, Masahiro Shimizu, Koh Hosoda:
Intra-swarm migration of size-variable robotic modules utilizing the Brazil nut effect. 1122-1136 - Salah Bazzi, Dagmar Sternad:
Human control of complex objects: towards more dexterous robots. 1137-1155
Volume 34, Number 18, 2020
- Marco Ewerton, Oleg Arenz, Jan Peters:
Assisted teleoperation in changing environments with a mixture of virtual guides. 1157-1170 - Shingo Kitagawa, Kentaro Wada, Shun Hasegawa, Kei Okada, Masayuki Inaba:
Few-experiential learning system of robotic picking task with selective dual-arm grasping. 1171-1189 - Tamon Miyake, Yo Kobayashi, Masakatsu G. Fujie, Shigeki Sugano:
Gait event detection based on inter-joint coordination using only angular information. 1190-1200 - Hiroyuki Yamada, Jeongho Ahn, Óscar Martínez Mozos, Yumi Iwashita, Ryo Kurazume:
Gait-based person identification using 3D LiDAR and long short-term memory deep networks. 1201-1211
Volume 34, Number 19, 2020
- Akira Taniguchi, Yoshinobu Hagiwara, Tadahiro Taniguchi, Tetsunari Inamura:
Spatial concept-based navigation with human speech instructions via probabilistic inference on Bayesian generative model. 1213-1228 - Zizhen Jiang, Wenbin Gao, Xiaoliu Yu:
An improved robot calibration method using the modified adjoint error model based on POE. 1229-1238 - Jun Nakanishi, Shunki Itadera, Tadayoshi Aoyama, Yasuhisa Hasegawa:
Towards the development of an intuitive teleoperation system for human support robot using a VR device. 1239-1253 - Jiajia Lu, Fuxin Du, Fuchun Yang, Tao Zhang, Yanqiang Lei, Jianjun Wang:
Kinematic modeling of a class of n-tendon continuum manipulators. 1254-1271
- Zhaobing Kang, Wei Zou:
Improving accuracy of VI-SLAM with fish-eye camera based on biases of map points. 1272-1278
Volume 34, Number 20, 2020
- Tetsunari Inamura, Amit Kumar Pandey, Swagat Kumar, Mary-Anne Williams, John-John Cabibihan, Laxmidhar Behera:
Special Issue on Robot and Human Interactive Communication 2020. 1279
- Yui Sudo, Katsutoshi Itoyama, Kenji Nishida, Kazuhiro Nakadai:
Sound event aware environmental sound segmentation with Mask U-Net. 1280-1290 - Takashi Yamamoto, Hiroaki Yaguchi, Shohei Kato, Hiroyuki Okada:
Evaluation of impression difference of a domestic mobile manipulator with autonomous and/or remote control in fetch-and-carry tasks. 1291-1308 - Shohei Yamashita, Tomohiro Kurihara, Tetsushi Ikeda, Kazuhiko Shinozawa, Satoshi Iwaki:
Evaluation of robots that signals a pedestrian using face orientation based on analysis of velocity vector fluctuation in moving trajectories. 1309-1323 - Hao Tan, Ying Zhao, Shiyan Li, Wei Wang, Ming Zhu, Jie Hong, Xiang Yuan:
Relationship between social robot proactive behavior and the human perception of anthropomorphic attributes. 1324-1336
Volume 34, Numbers 21-22, 2020
- Ko Yamamoto, Tomomichi Sugihara:
Special Issue on Humanoid Robotics - From Back-to-basics to Cutting-edge. 1337
- Tomomichi Sugihara, Mitsuharu Morisawa:
A survey: dynamics of humanoid robots. 1338-1352 - Ko Yamamoto, Takumi Kamioka, Tomomichi Sugihara:
Survey on model-based biped motion control for humanoid robots. 1353-1369 - Yuichi Tazaki, Masaki Murooka:
A survey of motion planning techniques for humanoid robots. 1370-1379